About Myself

About Myself

Buddhi Narayan Shrestha

Publisher:

Okhaldhunga Social Service, Kathmandu

Publisher:

Okhaldhunga Social Service, Kathmandu

Rudramati Marga,

Maitidevi, Kathmandu

Edition : First 2023 AD

Copyright : Buddhi Narayan Shrestha@Author

Price :

Printed at: Sahara Print Connection

Ghattekulo Marga, Kathmandu

Tel: 98510-74133

Prologue

A Gate Man watches around the gate, not to let unwanted person inside. A Goal Keeper defends the football in front of the goal post. An Account Keeper maintains daily/monthly book-keeping on financial transactions. A Life Guard in the coastal area keeps his eyes to save the drowning swimmer in the beach area. A Bar-man serves alcoholic or soft beverages in the restaurant to the thirsty customers. A Bats-man is a wicket keeper in cricket game. In the same way, a Spider Man acts to protect steel structure of a building. A Rifle Man as an infantry soldier keeps security to the habitual that protects from the enemy in every situation. Similarly, a Line Man indicates when the ball goes over the ground line in football/soccer game. The Border Man performs related duties to protect national boundaries of his motherland. Likewise, the Border Man performs as a boundary keeper of the nation. He keeps his eyes on the boundary line, border pillars and markers.

I act as a Border Man that I perform field work as a  surveyor to measure distances. angles and height between Jumbo (Junge) border pillars, marks measuring points to establish the latitude, longitude and altitude. I verify map with the ground reality and maintain records. This scribe has been performing various activities and duties as a border guard, border keeper, border indicator, border protector, territory visualizer for more than three decades for the protection of national territorial boundary of my country. That’s why I chose here to be called myself as ‘The Border Man of Nepal.’

1. General introduction
2. Border Analyst, engaged in study & research, writing, publishing and presentation, especially the border issues of Nepal with India and China in particular and also some other countries of the globe in general.
3. As a border analyst, I established the statistical data of encroached territory of Lipulek-Kalapani-Limpiyadhura 372 sq km, Susta 145 sq km and 89 sq km in other 69 spots and places, (total 606 Sq km by India), computing on six different scale maps.
4. Almost all the researchers, agencies, and government organizations have adopted this data.
5. As a border activist. I have internationalized the fact that Nepali territory Lipulek-Kalapani-Limpiyadhura have been encroached and occupied by India since 1962 AD. This version is carried out by the Wikipedia as well.
6. If I am not wrong, I am the pioneer in publishing Chuche Naksa (beaked map) for the first time in 2003 in my book ‘Border Management of Nepal’ page-99.
7. I have tried to create awareness in the society that Kalee/Mahakali river is originated from Limpiyadhura, as depicted mainly on the British India maps of 1819, 1827, 1851 and 1856 etc.
8. As an explorer, I visualize that there is a controversy between Nepal and China on the six hectares of Nepali land due to dislocation of boundary pillar 57 which should be at Korlangpariko Tippa, in the northern flank of Lapchi village, located north of Lamabagar of Dolakha district. But it has been engraved on a southern sloping large rock, as Marker # 57.
9. I am not a diplomat, nor a University teacher nor a politician. However, media personnel are following me to generate the news and views on the encroached territory of Nepal, since long.
10. I have shared and imparted knowledge and information to younger generation, especially to the students and media persons on the boundaries.
11. I have extended suggestion to the Prime Minister Pushup Kamal Dahal ‘Prachanda’ on 22 April 2023, as asked by the ministry of Foreign Affairs, before visiting to India, mentioning various points that he must talk to his Indian counterpart that a high level political committee must be formed to resolve the issue of Greater Kalapani area amicably. My points of suggestions have been published in Kantipur Daily (23 May 2023) in my article.
12.  Similarly, I have briefed to the Minister for Foreign Affairs N P Saud on 28 April 2023 before accompanying the visiting Prime Minister Prachanda to India.    
13.  I have also briefed the Prime Minister Krishna Prasad Bhattarai on 25 November 1999 with the help of historical maps and old documents that Kalapani belongs to Nepal. Seven ministers, their secretaries of the ministries, Chief Secretary Tirtha Man Shakya, Nepali Congress the then General Secretary (later became the prime minister) Sushil Koirala and Dr. Narayan Khadka advisor to the Prime Minister (presently former Foreign Minister) were present.
14.  Almost all the former prime ministers (including present) and most of the former ministers (including present) know me as the border analyst. When they need some information and statistics on the boundaries, they call me. For example: former prime minister Jhalanath Khanal and former deputy-prime minister Bhim Rawal called me time and again, asking the total areas of territorial encroachment by India or China, and area of inundation created by the Indian dams and embankments constructed close to Nepal frontier.
15.  My book ‘Border Management of Nepal’ has been cited and quoted by many national authors and some foreign authors in their books. Some of the authors are Lew Freedman (USA), Bruce A Elleman (UK), Prof. Rongxing Guo (China), Sam Cowan (UK), Sohini Nayak and Anna Orton (India),Haim Srebro (Israel), Prof. Victor Prescott and Gillian D. Triggs (Australia), Emmanuel Gonon (Canada), Benjamin Hans (Germany), Saroj Aryal & Manish Pulami (Poland). Some national authors are: Dr. Lok Raj Baral, Dr. Uddhav P Pyakurel, Dr. Pitamber Sharma, Dr. Dwarika Nath Dhungel, Dr. Shastra Dutta Pant, Dr. Jagat Kumar Bhudsal, Dr. Prof. Gopal Siwakoti, Dr. Surendra Bhandari & Achut Gautam, Amish Raj Mulmi, Hiranya Lal Shrestha, Madhavji Shrestha, Ratan Bhandari, Tulasi Narayan Shrestha etc.
16.  On 3^rd August 2022, when I was walking on foot on the pavement of Dillibazar Chaarkhal, a man stopped me and greeted Namaskar. At the same time, he said, ‘You don’t know me. But I know you. My name is Shakti Chauhan. I watched your interview in Image Television day before yesterday.’ You said, ‘Nepal-India 1950 treaty must be abrogated. There is no provision to revise or review, as the trade and commerce treaty made on the same day has the provision to be renewed. This is legal and pertinent. You are hundred percent right. Please keep on going, we are with you’
17.  I feel that people in general know me. Recognition by the society is my treasure, much more than hundreds of thousands of Rupees. Recognition gives me satisfaction and peace of mind. It has given me energy to read, write, speak and discuss further more on the border issues of Nepal and its resolutions.
18.  Activist to bring back Greater Kalapani area encroached and occupied by India since 1962.
19.  Annapurna Express Daily (8 September 2022) has highlighted me as a Pioneer in publishing Beaked Map (Chuche Naksa) for the first time in 2003 in the book ‘Border Management of Nepal.’
20.  Board Member (2012-16), Institute of Foreign Affairs (under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), Tripureswor, Kathmandu.
21. Member Secretary, City Planning Commission, Kathmandu Metropolitan City (2003-04).
22. Council Member (Expert), Land Use Council, Ministry of Land Reform & Management, Kathmandu, April 2002 to March 2004.
23. I have led 13-member Nepal-India Joint Technical Level Committee (1987-92) and I was the deputy-leader of 11-member Nepal-China joint Boundary Committee (1988). We had reciprocally visited New Delhi and Beijing.
24. Member-Secretary, Mapping Sub-Committee under Science and Technology Council, 1987-92.
25. Member, Special Land Court, Kaski Pokhara (1976-77), under the chairmanship of District Judge.
26. Geography Teacher, Kanya Mandir High School (1961-65), Nhyokha, Kathmandu.

• Stages of my life:
• Childhood to boyhood
• I was born on 1^st May 1941 in Okhaldhunga Bazar, Nepal (My father Hasta Bahadur Shrestha and mother Yoga Kumari Shrestha).
• My mother died when I was 2 years old. My father was killed in the context of the Democratic Revolution-1950, when I was 9 years old.
• So, I was grown up to the boyhood with the care of my maternal grand-father Jagat Bahadur Rajbhandari (Maahila Sahu) and grand-mother Tuilani Rajbhandari.
• I had no shoes on my feet till the age of 10, as it was the prevalent of the locsality.

• Boyhood to adulthood
• When I was at the age of 15, I completed Grade-VIII. There was no facility to study any further at Okhaldhunga at that time.
• So, my maternal grand-parents sent me to Kathmandu with two other class friends, Bhim Prasad Shrestha and Narayan Bahadur Sainjy, for my further study. We walked on foot, dawn to dusk, for nine days from Okhaldhunga to Kathmandu with three load-carriers (porters), as there was no road.
• We were admitted in Class-X in Kathmandu with a written test.
• While staying in a rented room at Dhobidhara- Kathmandu, we three used to cook our foods rotationally, My additional work was to buy three pathis (nearly 12 kilogram) of  raw rice from Ason market place and to carry it on my shoulder to our room.
• I had a firm determination that I won’t wear Pant (use only Suruwaal) until and unless I pass the SLC Examination.
• I completed SLC (School Leaving Certificate) Examination at the age of 16. I completed my Intermediate, Bachelor and finally Master Degree at the age of 22.
• I am the first Master Degree holder of Okhaldhunga district in 1964 AD.

• Adulthood to maturehood
• After completing Master Degree (major in Geography with Land Surveying). I started the government job at Survey Department as a Survey Officer, at the age of 23.
• I was gradually promoted to Chief Survey Officer to Deputy Director General and finally to Director General when I was 46 years old. I retired at the age of 51 along with other 3,272 civil service personnel in a single day.
• During this stage, I obtained further academic education and professional trainings from India, Canada, Germany and Japan, and at home CEDA, MAN/USAID.
• I wrote some articles published in national Gorkhapatra Daily and Samixa Weekly newspaper. I published my first book titled ‘Cadastral Surveying for Public Usefulness’ at the age of 41.

• Maturehood to  golden age (senior citizen)
• After retirement, I, with other six like-minded colleagues, we registered Bhumichitra Mapping Co P Ltd at the age of 52 years. I did consultancy services mostly as Team Leader in various ADB, UNDP, EC and government funded other consulting projects.
• Simultaneously, I used to write articles in local daily and weekly newspapers and in some journals published from Canada, Japan, USA and home country.
• During this stage, I obtained trainings on ‘Negotiating International Boundaries’ and ‘Boundary Demarcation & Maintenance’ from Durham University, International Boundary Research Unit, UK (2008 and 2009 respectively).    
• I have written fifteen books till date. I am still writing articles and books also in this senior citizenhood.

• My one-dozen personal philosophy of life:
• Life is a journey which presents all kinds of challenges and opportunities. By equally accepting them, one brings out the best version of oneself.
• After reaching certain height of recognition, it is better to be stable than to suddenly move ahead (badhnu bhanda adnu niko) being over ambitious. Example: an aero plane takes-off from the runway and gains speed to reach its necessary altitude. After reaching the certain height, its speed is stable and smooth for hours and hours. If it shoots upward abruptly with a very high speed, it may cause serious turbulence and may even be crashed being without control. The same case applies in the life of a person. It is better to be stable at that recognized height than to move upward abruptly being over optimistic. If the career of someone shoots upwards unnaturally from the point of recognized height, his identity may be crashed down to zero within a very short period of time. We can have a look on an example of the then Senior Journalist Rabi Lamichhane. He registered Rastriya Swatantra Party. He became the Party Chairman and was elected Member of Parliament in the federal general election. There and then, he became the Deputy Prime Minister with home ministry portfolio within a very short time of his political career. But, his deputy prime-ministerial post with other political identity was not only bumped, but also crashed into a zero. However, his political life is survived by the legal judicial treatment. He has still some ailments in his political career, as his opponents have still filed writ-petitions in the Supreme Court to pull him down. But the prtitions have been quashed by the Supreme Court.
• The task of acquiring education, learning and knowledge is never complete. Likewise, earning money, wealth and property is never ending. It will be finished only after one’s demise,     reaching to the grave.
• If someone earns ‘easy’ money in an unethical way within a short period, that will be lost vagabondly in no time (Jasari aaunchha, tesari nai janchha). So, one has to earn money by legal means and spend it wisely.          
• Whatever the money we earn legally, we have to save 15 to 20 percent of it, for the rainy days of our remaining life time.
• Appreciate and be thankful for what you already have, instead of complaining what you don’t have.
• If the incidents are bound to happen, they inevitably will. Whatever happened in the past in bygone days, it happened for good reason. Now, whatever happens in the future, it happens for good.
• While visiting to the Temple of Pashupatinath (or Buddhist or Jewish or Muslim or Sikh sacred places) to pay homage (Darshana), at first, we have to fix our eyes on the upper part of the pinnacle (Gajur) of the structure; and then our eye sight has to be extended straight upwards, without any interruption, up to the infinite sky; and then we have to say in our inner mind ‘Oh Lord (Pashupatinath), please provide me the highest thought like this.’
• How much food we provide to our hungry guests at home, that will be returned for us four-fold, in due course of time. In other words, the ‘Law of Karma’ works infallibly !
• If someone is not a diplomat, nor a politician he must like to stay with his own identity in the society. If someone wishes to increase himself to a high profile, he has to go to political leaders door early morning and evening, which he himself may not like it.
• May we all be happy and peaceful. May all be healthy, may all be well, may no one be in sorrow.
• Be so happy and make others happy that, when other people look at you, they become happy too. That may be the ultimate goal of life.

• Activities
• Open air speech:

    I have made 17 open air speeches, mostly on the boundaries, in various places. Out of them, ten items are mentioned  below:- 

1. On 28 May 2023, Greater Nepal Weekly Chief Editor Surendra Dhakal organized an open air speech programme at Ratna Park Shanti Batika on the topic ‘Prosperous Nepal : Developed Nepal’. I made an invocation that all the Nepalese should be united to maintain the territorial integrity and to send back the Indian paramilitary force and Indo-Tibetan Border Post from our forcibly occupied 372 square Kilometer land of Lipulek-Kalapani-Limpiyadhura by India.
2. I made a public speech on 19 February 2022  that ‘No Vote System’ should be implemented in the forthcoming parliamentary election, in a program organized by Human Rights Conservation Forum Badri Prasad Khatiwada at Martyrs Gate, Bhadrakali. In some election constituencies, all the candidates are corrupted who made money illegally. They have to be rejected and with the implementation of no vote system, it has to be declared re-voting in that constituencies..
3. In a mass gathering in Bhaktapur, organized on 17 October 2021 by Nepal Bhasha Literary Society, I said that every society has its unique identity in terms of language, culture and tradition. We have to maintain it and the most important element is to enhance the identity of our nation in the background of various countries of the world. The gathering was organized by the President of Nemakipa Narayan Man Bijukachhe.
4. A mass meeting was organized by Baltimore Association of Nepalese in America (BANA), USA on 15 December 2019, I made an open speech at Lafyet Park in the north front of White House, Washington DC mentioning ‘Stop Kalapani Encroachment, Go Back India, Kalapani Belongs to Nepal, Cancel New Map of India-2019 etc.
5. Similarly, a protest gathering was held under the convenorship of senior media person Prem Baniya at Ralf Bunche Park in front of the United Nations building in New York on 13 January 2020. As a keynote speaker, I made an open speech that we have to protest against the inclusion of Nepal’s Lipulek-Kalapani-Limpiyadhura region by India. We must raise our voice to protest against the encroachment of Nepali frontier by India.

Soon after the protest program, we (Somnath Ghimire, Chairperson of JP Foundation New York, Prem Baniya, Anil Adhikari, folk singer Ram Prasad Khanal and myself) were permitted, with a pre-appointment, to enter into the UN building. We handed over the memo to Mr. David Hunter (representative of United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres), seeking initiative to free Nepal’s Greater Kalapani territory from India’s occupation. I had prepared the memo and sent it two weeks ago to Prem Baniya, New York.

• On 2 April 2019, a mass meeting at Ratna Park Shanti Batika was organized by Janamorcha Party (Parliamentarian Chitra Bahadur KC). I said, the citizenship certificate should not be distributed illegally. Many Indians inhabitated close to Nepal border have obtained citizenship  certificates illegally. A special decision should be made and these certificates should be annulled.
• On 4 September 2017, Nine Leftist political parties including National People’s Front and Sadhya Bahadur Bhandari organized a public program at Ratna Park. I made a public speech that India has constructed barrages, dams, embankments close to Nepal’s border. In the monsoon period, there will be water logging obstructing the natural flow of the rivers and streams that flow from Nepal to India. Nepal must plead to open all the gates of these barrages and constructions and not to construct the structures further more without the consent of Nepal.               
• A mass meeting was organized by Group 25+ (social worker Anil Yogi) on 27 April 2016 in Nepalganj Sub-metropolitan City Municipal Square Yard. I made an open speech that India has encroached the territory of Nepal especially Greater Kalapani area. Our government must persue to send back the Indian para-military forces from our encroached land.
• Group 25+ organized a public hearing programme chaired by Senior Journalist and social activist Aditya Man Shrestha at Ratna Park Shanti Batika on 18 December 2015 entitled ‘Nepali People tolerated the pain of Indian Blockade.’ Addressing the view of general people, I responded that India has encroached the Nepali territory and enacted Border Blockade. It has to be protested and we have to generate pressures to our government to lodge complaint to India.
• On 15 November 2014, ‘Greater Nepal’  activist Fannindra Nepal and I had gone to Mahendra Nagar from Kathmandu in the invitation of Greater Nepal Mahendranagar local youths, including Gajendra Panday. They organized a public mass meeting at Mahendranagar Chowk (Kanchanpur). I made a public speech that Nepal could regain the lost territory of the Greater Nepal, when Nepal is developed more or less like China. Because, China had regained the lost territories of Hong Kong and Macau after hundreds of years. British regime Hong Kong was given to British Empire making a treaty for perpetuity. Nepal had given the territory of Greater Nepal in perpetuity, in the similar manner as Hong Kong. So, Nepal in time could regain it as China did.

• Amicus curiae
• In the joint bench of Justices Prakashman Singh Raut and Purushottam Bhandari, I pleaded on 25 April 2021 that open border between Nepal and India has been misused by the unwanted elements, criminals, terrorists and smugglers. It must be regulated to check these elements for the security of both the countries. The Justices made a verdict the same day and issued an order to the government to regulate and manage the border between Nepal and India.
• In the writ-petition, filed by Senioor Advocate Dr. Chandra Kanta Gyawali and others,          the date was fixed for presentation of hearing. On 15 March 2020, there was a joint bench of Justices Prakashman Singh Raut and Purushottam Bhandari for hearing the case. I presented my independent view that due to open border between Nepal and India, there is a horror and terror to the inhabitants of frontier borderlines. Criminals and dacoits enter into Nepali territory in the evening and they loot and rape the Nepali girls and cross the border easily before dawn. It concerns the security issue. So the open border must be regulated to protect the life and property of the Nepali border people.
• I pleaded in the Supreme Court on 19 December 2017 in the writ-petition filed by Senior Advocate Khagendra Subedi and others regarding the encroachment of the land area of famous Fewa Lake in Pokhara, touristic city of Nepal. I argued with facts that the land area of original Fewa Lake has been encroached by the surrounding land owners at the rate of 7 hectares per year and it is shrunk 469 hectares in total since 1959 AD to this date. I highlighted that I was the government Senior Survey Officer 1976 to 1978 in Pokhara Survey Office. Cadastral survey and land registry were created during my tenure. I requested the joint bench of Justices Om Prakash Mishra and Ms. Sapana Malla Pradhan that the court should make an order to the government of Nepal to regain the original land of the lake and keep it intact.
• On 4 September 2017, Nine Leftist political parties including National People’s Front had organized a public program at Ratna Park. I made a public speech that India has constructed barrages, dams, embankments close to Nepal’s border. In the monsoon period, there will be water logging obstructing the natural flow of the rivers and streams that flow from Nepal to India. Nepal must plead to open all the gates of these barrages and constructions and not to construct the structures further without the consent of Nepal.
• Senior Advocate Dr. Chandra Kanta Gyawali and others had filed a writ-petition to the Supreme Court on 26 March 2017 asking to regulate the open border between Nepal and India not to misuse the border and to save the territorial integrity, sovereignty of the nation; I pleaded that there is no treaty, agreement and memorandum of understanding to make the border open. The air route between the two countries has been regulated in 2000, after the hijacking of Indian Airline flight from Kathmandu. In this context, the surface route should be regulated as well.

5. To know me :

1. Name : Buddhi  Narayan  Shrestha

 Surveying License Number : 001 (Survey Department, Government of Nepal).

 Date of Birth : 1 May 1941

 Nationality : Nepali

 Marital Status : Married

 Permanent Address : Okhaldhunga Ram Bazar, Siddhicharan Municipality Ward-11,

 Present: 449/69 Ghattekulo Marga KMC Ward- 29, Kathmandu, Nepal

  Tel: 4517-450   (Res.),  Mobile: 9841-311611

  E-mail : bordernepal@gmail.com       

  Website: www.bordernepal.com

                                                   www.bordernepal.wordpress.com

 Employer Address : Bhumichitra Mapping Co. P. Ltd. Puja Pratisthan Marga, Baneswar.

  Tel : 4486-176  (work)

• Education :
• Master Degree (Geography with Land Surveying), Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, 1964.
• Land Surveying, West Bengal Survey Institute, Calcutta, India, 1966-67.
• Land Use Mapping and Planning, University of Guelph, Canada, 1982-83

3) Training :

1. Training Workshop on Boundary Demarcation & Maintenance, Durham University, International Boundaries Research Unit (IBRU), UK, 13-16 September 2009.
2. Training Workshop on Negotiating International Boundaries, Durham University, International Boundaries Research Unit (IBRU), United Kingdom, 6-9 April 2008.
3. Land Information System, DSE Germany (3 months), 1986.
4. Remote Sensing Technology Training, Remote Sensing Technology Center, Tokyo, Japan (2 months), 1979.
5. In-Service Administrative Management Training, Department of Administrative Management, Kathmandu, Nepal (2 months) 1972.
6. Training-cum Workshop on Development Planning, Center for Economic Development and Administration (CEDA) Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal (Six Weeks) 1978.
7. Consulting Methods and Skills, MAN/USAID, Kathmandu, Nepal (2 Weeks), 1993.

4) Study :

1. Study of Nepal-India Boundary Maps and Documents in the Library of Congress, Washington DC- USA, 25 May to 14 June 1999, 6-20 November 2000, 8-29 October 2003, 21 to 30 June 2007, 29 September to 13 October 2009 and 2- 18 January 2020.
2. Study of Nepal-India Boundary Maps and Documents at Harvard College Library, Harvard Pusey Map Collection Library and Harvard Law Library, Boston- USA, 18 to 23 August 2003, 8 to 15 June 2007, 26 October to 19 November 2009 and 4-21 November 2019.
3. Study of Nepal-India Boundary Maps, Documents and Treaties at British Library (India Office Records & Collections (18 July to 21 August 1998, 9 to 20 April 2006, 10 to 21 April 2008 and 19 to 27 September 2009), London- UK,.
4. Study of the Historical Maps of Nepal-India-China Tri-junction Points at National Library of China, Beijing, 7-13 October 2001.
5. Study of the historical documents and papers on boundary of Nepal in various Libraries of Nepal, including Keshar Pustakalaya, Madan Pustakalaya, National Library, National Archeology Library, British Library, American Reading Room etc. in Kathmandu,

6. Author  :

 1) Fifteen printed books have been published :

1. About Myself, 2023.

2. Collection of Historical Boundary Maps Related to Nepal, 2022.
3. Border Man of Nepal (2021) published from Generis Publishing- Moldova, Europe and Kathmandu, Nepal, 2021.
4. International Boundaries of Nepal (2019) published from Lambert Academic Publishing, Latvia, Europe; and South Asian Edition from Nirala Publications, New Delhi, India, 2021.
5. Collection of Historical Boundary maps Related to Nepal, (in Devanagari Script Version), 2020.
6. Counting of Border Pillars (in Devanagari Script) 2019.
7. Junge-Buddhe (in Devanagari Script), 2017.
8. Knowledge on Earthquake (in Devanagari Script), 2017.
9. Border War (in Devanagari Script), 2013. 
10. Indo-Nepal Frontier Dams (in Devanagari Script), 2010.
11. Knowledge on Boundaries (in Devanagari Script), 2008.
12. Border Management of Nepal, 2003.
13. Border Management in the context of National Security (in Devanagari Script), 2002.
14. Boundary of Nepal (in Devanagari Script), 2000.
15. Cadastral Surveying for Public Usefulness (in Devanagari Script), 1982.
16. The book ‘International Boundaries of Nepal’ has been translated into eight languages (Russian, French, German, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Polish) by the same publisher- Lambert Academic Publishing- Latvia, Europe.

2) Co-author :

  There are 36 co-authorship books. Of them, ten books have been mentioned below. The rest are mentioned in my book ‘Junge-Buddhe’ Second Edition-2020 AD, page 362-63.

1. Martyr Memorial Anthology (in Devanagari Script), 2023.
2. My Greater Nepal, 2019.
3. Bharat-Nepal Relations Defense and Security Issues, 2018.
4. Nepal-China Relations, 2017.
5. Nepal-India Relations, 2016.
6. The Fountain of Reviews on Sixty Years of Dynamic Partnership, 2016.
7. Nepal-India Relations Past Present and Future (in Devanagari Script), 2016.
8. Vision of Foreign Affairs, 2013.
9. International Boundary Making (Published by International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), Copenhagen, Denmark, 2013.
10. Tools to Support Transparency in Land Administration (Published by UN-HABITAT), Nairobi, Kenya, 2013.
11. Editor-in-Chief, MILAN Magazine, JICA Alumni Association of Nepal (JAAN).

7. Articles published :

1. Daily, Weekly Newspapers

            533 articles have been published in various daily, weekly newspapers. The latest ten

            articles have been mentioned below. The rest are mentioned in my book ‘Junge Buddhe’

            Second Edition-2020 AD, page 364-66 and others.

1. India-Bangladesh Model in the context of swapping of lands (Naya Patrika Daily), 14  June 2023.
2. Question to be raised  by prime minister Dahal during his visit to India (Kantipur Daily, 23 may 2023.
3. Should 1950 Treaty be amended or abrogated ? (Naya Patrika Daily), 24 April 2023.
4. Need to show Professional Ethics (Rising Nepal Daily), 20 March 2023.
5. Will wake-up Nepal-China boundary committee ? (Kantipur Daily), 8 September 2022.
6. Air-route not given by India (Kantipur Daily), 10 June 2022.
7. Nepal-India Border Problem : Alternative Solution (Naya Patrika Daily), 12 May 2022.
8. China’s New Law in Border Conservation (Naya Patrika Daily), 2 January 2022.
9.  Has the Humla Border been Encroached ? (Himal Khabar) 17 September 2021.
10. Everyone must be Counted (Kathmandu Post Daily), 12 May 2021.

• Journals :

  There are 33 Journals that have published my articles. Of them, ten have been mentioned below:

1. Annual Journal-2023, Nepal Council of World Affairs, Lalitpur, 23 February 2023.
2. A journal of Security Affairs (in Devanagari Script), Vol-I, No-1, Ministry of Defense, 2022.
3. Journal of Foreign Affairs, Vol-I, Issue-1, Institute of Foreign Affairs, 2021.
4. Borders in Globalization Review, Vol-II, Issue-1, University of Victoria, Canada,  Fall/Winter 2020.
5. Transparent, Transparency International Nepal Bulletin Year-18, Vol-II, (in Devanagari Script), 2019.
6. Law Journal, Bi-monthly, Number-125 (in Devanagari Script), 2017.
7. Human Rights Sambahak, Year-3 (in Devanagari Script), 2017.
8. Supreme Bar Journal, Year-10, No-11 (in Devanagari Script), Supreme Court Bar Association, 2016.
9. Suryodaya Souvenir, Jhapa-Kathmandu Democratic Society (in Devanagari Script), 2015.
10. The Natural Environment and Shifting Borders of Nepal, Eurasia Border Review, Hokkaido University, Japan, 2013 Fall.

8. Electronic media interview :

I have given 641 electronic media interviews in television and radio FM. These are mentioned in my book ‘Junge-Buddhe’ Second Edition-2020, page 371 to 386 and some others. Ten of them have been mentioned below. Besides, Online Media have transmitted my interviews more than 50 items. Those have not been mentioned here

1. Avenues Television (Straight Questions), How do you evaluate the recent visit of prime minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal to India ?, 13 June 2023.
2. AP-1 Television (AP Talk Time), As India-Bangladesh swapped the Enclaves each other. Is it possible to swap the territory between Nepal and India ?, 9 June 2023.
3. Global TV (Taxyasheela), You advised to the prime minister that Kalapani area should be swapped with the Indian lands, east of Kakarbhitta, Chandragadhi and Kichchakbadh of Nepal up to the edge of Baanglabandh Zero Point and Titaliya, Bangladesh. 8 June 2023.
4. Radio Kantipur FM  96.1 MHz (The Headliner), Whether it is feasible the Bangladesh Model to resolve the Kalapani issue between Nepal and India. 7 June 2023.
5. Radio Everest FM 93 MHz Pokhara (Current Events), How the border issues could be resolved ?  What is Bangladesh Model to resolve the border issue of Nepal ?, 6 June 2023.
6. Indian Zee News Television (WION Zee Media), If China has wire-fenced just close to boundary pillar number 35 along Nepal-China border unilaterally, that is beyond the international boundary principle, 5 July 2022.
7. Radio Free Asia, Dharmashala, India (Tenzin), Has China encroached Nepali territory in Riyu area of Gorkha district of Nepal ?, 3 July 2022.
8. BBC Hindi Service, New Delhi (BBC Report), What is the Susta border issue between India and Nepal ? Has the river Gunduk increased the tension between Nepal-India relations ?, 30 May 2022.
9. BBC Nepali Service (Nepal Context), China encroached Nepali territory in Humla. What’s the fact ?, 23 September 2020,
10. BBC Radio London Bush House ( Current Affairs), What repercussion will be created to the neighbouring country India by the newly published map of Nepal ?, 7 June 2020.

9. Paper media interview :

Various daily, weekly, monthly hard copy paper newspapers have published my 60 interviews, concerning border issues of Nepal and its solution. It is documented in my book  ‘Junge-Buddhe’ Second Edition-2020, page-387. Of them, 10 items have been mentioned below :

1. Kantipur Daily (6 June 2023), Nepal has Swapped Lands with China and India.

• Annapurna Post Daily (14 October 2018), Extra Activities increase the Literary  Composition.
• Naya Patrika Daily ( 10 July  2018), Half hazard Valuation of Land & Housing.
• Aarthik Daily (3 June 2018), India has encroached Nepal’s 606 square kilometer territory.
• Rising Nepal Daily (1 January 2018), Nepal-India Border needs to be Regulated.
• Naya Patrika Daily (14 August  2017), Life of Sapta Koshi Barrage has been finished.
• Republica Daily (20 July 2017), Doklam Dispute should make us Serious about protecting our land at Tri-junction.
• Nepali Patra Weekly (28 August 2015), Seven Provinces Structure should be agreeable, coming after a long Exercise.
• Rato Khabar Weekly (5 August 2015), There is also India’s Psychological Interference.
• Kathmandu Post Daily (25 January 2010), Nepal doesn’t have Archives of Maps to  counter Indian Territorial Claims.

10. Some of the news published :

There are 276 news published quoting me in various daily, weekly hard copy newspapers concerning border issues of Nepal and its solution. It has been documented in my book  ‘Junge-Buddhe’ Second Edition-2020, page-388-91. Names, dates and headlines of last 10 items have been mentioned below. Besides, online media news have quoted me more than 30 items. Those have not been mentioned here.

1. Indian News Weekly, New Delhi (14 June 2023), Bangladesh Connection to Border Dispute between India and Nepal.
2. Kantipur Daily (3 June 2023), Central Point Agreement between Nepal and India Creating Pressure to One another.
3. Annapurna Post Daily (14 May 2023), New Map including Kalapani, Lipulek is a part of the constitution.
4. Rising Nepal Daily (14 May 2023), Former President Bhandari calls for Honouring Nepal-India Border.
5. Himalayan Times Daily (14 May 2023), Former Prez Bhandari calls for Honouring Nepal-India Border.
6. Naya Patrika Daily, (18 April 2023), Border Management Business has been Stopped since the last three years due to Indian side is not Ready.
7. Kathmandu Post Daily (15 July 2022), Nepal, China Agree to activate Existing Boundary Mechanisms.
8. China Daily, Beijing (24 December 2020), How Qomolangma rose to new height ?
9. Washington Post, USA (8 December 2020), It’s official: Mount Everest just got a little bit higher.
10. New York Times Daily International Edition, USA (6 February 2018), So How Tall is Everest ? It’s time to Ask Nepal.

1. Journey of border inspection

    I have visited and inspected the territorial frontier of various countries as followings:

1. Israel-Egypt and Israel-Jordan border: Borders, Edges and Interfaces (Trio-border) International Conference was held in Eilat, Israel from 11 to 16 February 2023. In connection to the conference, we had visited and inspected, on 15 February, the Israel-Egypt border through Taba crossing-point. Similarly, we inspected the Israel-Jordan border through Rabin crossing-point. Most of the border lines of both the countries were thickly barbed-wire fenced with monumented border pillars. 
2. Nigeria-Benin border: 16^th Border Regions in Transition (BRIT) International Boundaries Conference was held from 15-18 October 2018 in both the countries. In connections to the conference, we inspected Nigeria-Benin (Ibadan-Cotonu) frontier on the 17 October 2018.When we were inspecting border pillar number-120 of Imeko-Ketou border, a swarm of hornet-like wild bees attacked us. Some of the insects stung on my chin, arm, pinky-finger and leg.  So we hurriedly ran out towards our vehicle.
3. France-Belgium border: 14^th Border Regions in Transition (BRIT) International Boundaries Conference was held from 4 to 7 November 2014  in France and Belgium. We inspected and crossed the Franco-Belgium (Arras-Lille-Mons) border frontier on 5 November 2014. There was no any restriction. We shuttled from Lille (France) to Mons (Belgium) many times within a short period of time.
4. Japan-South Korea border: During the 12^th BRIT International Boundaries Conference which was heldfrom 13 to 16 November 2012 in Fukuoka and Bushan.We crossed the maritime boundary, Japan to South Korea (Fukuoka to Busan) on the 14^th November. We visualized and inspected even the land boundary, as there was no issue between the two countries.
5. South and North Korean Fenced Border: On the 20^th of November 2012, I visited the South-North Korean border line at Imjinca and Gate Unique Station Bridge area. I inspected the border line from South Korean frontier. It was not possible to go to North Korean frontier, because it was the closed border régime between two countries. 249 km long border barbed-wire iron fencing was erected on the border. South and North Korea had erected iron fencing leaving two km wide frontier each side as No-man’s Land, making four km wide Demilitarized Zone (DMZ).
6. Canada-USA border: I attended to present a paper in an international conference on ‘Fences, Walls and Borders : State of Insecurity ?’ organized by the University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada from 17 to 18 May 2011. On the 22 May, I with my daughter, son-in-law and grand children crossed Canada-America border (Rock Island, Quebec to Derby Line Highgate Springs border crossing station, Vermont) from Canadian border crossing station to USA. There was no fences or obstruction nor I didn’t see border marking on the border line, as the imaginary line of latitude was adopted, as I realized. There were border gates on both the sides of the border crossings mentioning ‘Thank you for visiting Canada and Welcome to  the United States of America.’
7. USA-Canada border: When I was studying in the University of Guelf, Canada, I with my wife Lily visited Washington and New York during summer semester. While returning to Canada, I did visit and inspect USA-Canada (Buffalo-Delaware Hamilton) border on 14 June 1983.   
8. India-Pakistan border: I visited the border frontier Attari-Wagha (India-Pakistan) on 11 January 2003. I travelled from Delhi, India to Lahore, Pakistan. There was a high iron wall border between the two countries. There were iron scaffoldings at a distance of 2 to 3 kilometer. From the scaffoldings,  para-military forces were patrolling with the gun from both sides.
9. Malaysia-Singapore border: After attending  the ‘United Nations International Seminar on GIS Infrastructure’ held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 12-14 July 1995, I went to Singapore to attend the 5^th South-east Asian Surveyors Congress in Singapore. So I travelled and visited Malaysia-Singapore (Johor Baru-Woodlands) border on 15 July inspecting the frontier areas. In the border crossing-points, both the  sides were checking whether there are smuggling of good and materials.
10. Nepal-China border: I with my wife Lily and sister-in-law Dharti Shrestha and her spouse Dinesh Shrestha visited Tatopani of Sindhupalchowk. I suggested them to visit Tatopani-Khasa border areas. So we visited the Friendship Bridge area and southern and northern frontier on 1 February 2014. China has erected cemented pillars of a construction, just close to the Bhote Koshi (River) bank. I recorded that it had to construct leaving at least the No-man’s Land area.

        Secondly, after completing the Prithvi Jayanti programme at Bidur Municipality of Nuwakot district, I went to Dhunche of Rasuwagadhi district. I visited the border Rasuwagadhi-Kerung frontier on 12 January 2014. I inspected the frontier from the Nepal side, just close to the old bridge of Trisuli River, which is considered as the border river.

1. Nepal-India border: I have visited and inspected more than 30 spots of the boundary line of Nepal-India boundary, especially the Tarai plain area. I have verified map to the ground reality on various strips of the border lines in connection to shooting the documentary film ‘Greater Nepal in Quest of Boundaries’ directed by Manoj Pandit during November-December 2005. Besides, I have guided the parliament members of International Relations and Human Rights Committee (Chairman Padamlal Biswakarma) to inspect the various spots of Nepal-India boundary from 25 December 2009 to 3 January 2010). I have seen so many boundary pillars including Junge (Jumbo) pillars have been damaged and left in a dilapidated conditions. Some other pillars are missing on the ground. So is the case of the protection of  No-man’s Land (Das Gaja).

                        *                                  *                           *                             *

12. Working paper presentation :

I have made 31 presentations abroad and  179 presentations at home. Of them, ten each have been mentioned below. The rest items have been archived in my book ‘Junge-Buddhe’ Second Edition-2020, page 367 to 70). 

International

1. Impact of COVID-19 on Nepal-India Border and Borderland Communities, presented to International Federation of Surveyor’s 27^th World Congress, Warsaw, Poland, 11-15 September 2022.
2. Encroachment of Nepali Territory by publishing New Political Map of India, presented to Baltimore Association of Nepalese in America (BANA), Baltimore USA, 14 December 2019.
3. Border Management of Nepal and its Solution, presented to Newah Organization of New England,  Boston USA (at Fox Library), 19 October 2019.
4. Cross-Border Movement between Nepal & India and its Challenges, presented to Border Regions in Transition (BRIT-XVI International Boundary Conference), Nigeria-Benin, 16 October 2018.          
5. Case study: International Boundary Survey and Demarcation of South-eastern portion of Nepal with India, presented in International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) 26^th World Congress, Istanbul, Turkey, 8 May 2018.
6. Nepal-India Cross-Border Movement of People and Goods: Minimizing Risks, presented to Observer Research Foundation (ORF) Centre for International Relations, New Delhi, India, 4 March 2016.
7. Cross-Border Mobility Between Nepal and India, presented to (BRIT-XIV International Boundary Conference) Arras-Lille in France and Mons in Belgium, 4-7 November 2014.
8. Case Study: Nepal- India Border Management and its Challenges and Opportunities, presented to International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) 25^th World Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 17 June 2014.
9. Natural Environment  and Shifting Borders of Nepal, presented to (BRIT-XII International Boundary Conference) Fukuoka-Japan and Busan-South Korea, 13-16 November 2012.
10. Border Fences, Walls and Identities of Nepal, presented to International Conference  on ‘Fences, Walls and Border: State of Insecurity?’ organized by the University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Canada, 17 May 2011.

National

1. Boundary Issues of Nepal and its Challenges presented to National Investigation Department, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, 11  June 2023.
2. Border Management of Nepal, panel presentation organized by Nepali Army War College, Nagarkot, Kathmandu, 2 June 2023.
3. Legal Provision on the Management of Boundaries, to Armed Police Force Command and Staff College, Matatirtha, Kathmandu, 3 January 2023.
4. Seminar on Current Situation and Areas of Reform in Nepal’s International Border Security and Management, organized by Nepali Army Border Monitoring and Survey Directorate, Army Headquarter, Kathmandu, 6-7 July 2022.
5. Archives Documentation of Treaties and Agreements, Ministry of Culture and Tourism National Archives Department, Kathmandu, 9 June 2022.
6. Border Security Management, presented to Nepal Police Training Academy, Operation Command & Management,  Kathmandu, 28 February 2022.
7. Border Issues of Nepal, Nepali Army Command and Staff College, Shivapuri, Kathmandu, 11 July 2021.
8. Border Issues of Nepal and its Solution, organized by Nepal bank Limited, Head Office, Kathmandu, 11 January 2019.
9. Role of Chief District Officer (CDO) in Nepal’s Border Management and Security Concern, organized by Law Service Training Center, Kathmandu, 16 December 2018.
10. Seminar on Inland Waters (Cross-Border), organized by Asian Institute of Diplomacy, Kathmandu, 1 October 2018.

13. Conference and seminar :

    There are 42 International and 87 national conference and seminar attended. Out of these 10 each have been mentioned below. The rest have been mentioned in my book ‘Junge-Buddhe’ Second Edition-2020, page 392-395 :-

   International

1. Borders, Edges and Interfaces: Trio-Border (Israel-Egypt-Jordan) Third World International Conference, Eilat, Israel, 12-17 February 2023.
2. Technical Seminar on Reference Frames in Practise & IGS Practical Training, organized by ICJ at UN/FIG/IAG, Warsaw, Poland, 10-11 September 2022.
3. Border Regions in Transition (BRI-XII), Nigeria-Benin, 15-18 October 2018.     
4. Nepal-India Think Tank Summit-2018 organized by Nepal Institute of Diplomacy and International Affairs, Kathmandu (Nepal-India Based), 31 July 2018.
5. International Workshop on the Measurement of the Height of Mt. Everest, organized by Survey Department, Kathmandu, 11-12 December 2017.
6. JICA Alumni Association Forum of the SAARC Countries, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 28-29 October 2017.
7. Peace, Security, and Protection of Human Rights at Borders in South Asia, Kathmandu (Sri Lanka Based), 7-8 July 2017
8. India-Nepal Relations : Defense and Security Issues, Policy Research Academy, Nepal (NeNAP) and Indian Council for International Co-operation, Deharadoon, Uttarakhanda, India,11- 12 April 2017.
9. History Workshop on Surveying and Mapping, organized by FIG, Sydney- Australia, 9-10 April 2010.
10. Conference on World Urban Forum (WUF-4), organized by UN HABITAT, Nanjing- China, 3-5 November 2008.

  National

1. Workshop Seminar on Nepal-US Dialogue on Border Security, organized by US Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration and Nepal Institute of International Co-operation and Engagement, Kathmandu, 23-25 March 2023.
2. Global Surveyors Day in Nepal, organized by Survey Department/Nepal Institute of Chartered Surveyors, Kathmandu, 21 March 2023.
3. Seminar on Belt & Road Initiative and Nepal-China Relations, Centre for Social Inclusion & Federalism, Lalitpur, 24 March 2022.
4. National Dialogue on Foreign Policy of Nepal, Institute of Foreign Affairs, Kathmandu, 29 June 2019.
5. Earthquake Commemoration Seminar, organized by JICA/NRA, Kathmandu, 26 April 2019
6. Interaction on Question of the Use of Actual Map of Nepal, Patriotic Democratic Forum, Kathmandu, 10 March 2019.
7. Seminar on Nepal-India Relations: Issues, Emerging Trends and Boosting Co-operation, organized by Asian Institute of Diplomacy & International Affairs, Kathmandu, 17 February 2019.
8. In the context of Kalapani, Where is the origination of the River Mahakali ?, Ministry of Defense (DPM and Defense Minister Iswar Pokharel was the chief guest), Kathmandu, 6 February 2019.
9. Seminar on Inland Waters (Cross-Border), Asian Institute of Diplomacy, Kathmandu, 1 October 2018.
10. Seminar on Nepal’s Long Term Foreign Policy, organized by Public Policy and Strategy Study Centre, Kathmandu, 25 January 2019.

14. Consultancy services of professional works:

I have provided consulting services to 27 projects, funded by UNDP, ADB and EC and Nepal government. Of them, ten services have been given below. The rest 17 items have been documented in my book ‘Junge-Buddhe’ Second Edition-2020, page 406-11.

1. Land Use/Land Administration Expert (28 November 2014 to 15 December 2015), UNDP/GENESIS, Support to Develop Risk Sensitive Land Use Plan of Kathmandu Valley Project to study and report preparation on land use planning, land administration, implementation and institutional aspects of 21 municipalities (16 new and 5 old) of Kathmandu Valley.
2. Chartered Surveyor (25 June 2010 to 25 January 2011), Kathmandu Valley Town Development Committee (KVTDC) for the preparation of Detail Digital Land Use Map of Twenty Urbanizing VDCs of Kathmandu Valley.
3. Chartered Surveyor (1 May 2010 to 6 November 2011), ADB / COWATER Canada, for handling and developing parcel-based cadastral information to support the work of the GIS Specialist in preparing GIS-based digital urban maps of Biratnagar, Birgunj and Butawal Municipalities.
4. Team Leader (9 May to 5 Sept. 2011), Ridings Consulting Engineers India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi/Kathmandu for the Collection of field data (various objects/points of interest) of 12 municipalities of Nepal for the purposes of floating GPS Vehicle Navigation Information.
5. Licentiate Surveying Expert (27 April 2008 to 9 August 2009), Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC) for the preparation of GIS Database Map, Poverty Mapping, Gender Assessment and Need Identification of Attariya Town Development area of Kailali District.
6. Team Leader (22 May 2007 to 3 Sept. 2009),Manohara Land Pooling Project of Kathmandu Metropolitan City for the Centerline layout of roads at site as per approved road network plan of Manohara Land Pooling Project area.
7. Co-Team Leader / Surveying Expert (22 Dec 2006. to 14 June 2007), KVTDC for the Preparation of Digital Base Map of Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City at the scale of 1: 2,500.
8. Team Leader (28 April to 15 July 2004),Survey Department, Cadastral Survey Branch, Kathmandu. To study and prepare detailed report on ‘ Cadastral Survey Work and its Future Programme in Nepal. Thirty-minute visual Documentary was also prepared after the preparation of report.
9. Team Leader (21 May to 23 December 2002), Kathmandu Valley Mapping Programme, KMC / EC, Kathmandu for the Supervision and handling of cadastral maps and related materials for the ‘Preparation of Urban Digital Cadastral Database for Kathmandu Metropolitan City.’
10. Consultant (13 May to 9 October 2002), National Planning Commission, Tenth Plan Formulation Support Team, NPC / ADB, Kathmandu for the Preparation of background paper in high priority areas on Land Use and Land Consolidation Action Plan to be included in the Tenth Plan of Government of Nepal, Team Leader Dr. Champak Pokharel.
    1. Advisor:
11. Advisor and Member, Nepal Mountaineering Association, Hattisar Naxal, Kathmandu.
12. Advisor and Member, Nepal Geographical Information Society (NGIS), Jawalakhel, Lalitpur.
13. Advisor, GeoSpatial Co Pvt. Ltd, Jawalakhel, Lalitpur.
14. Advisor, Martyr Chiniya Lal Singh and Social Worker Usha Singh Memorial Foundation, Kupondole, Lalitpur.
15. Advisor, Nepal Land & Housing Developers Federation, Buddha Nagar, Kathmandu.
16. Advisor, Nepal Land & Housing Developers Association, Dharahara, Kathmandu.
17. Advisor, Okhaldhunga Social Service Kathmandu, Maitidevi, Kathmandu.
18. Advisor, Dawali Society Kathmandu, Mid-Baneswar, Kathmandu.

16. Affiliation:

There are 18 professional and 16 social membership of various associations and organizations. Of them, 10 each have been given below.

Professional

1. Founder President, and Life Member, Nepal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, Kathmandu, Nepal.
2. Founder President, Nepal Land & Housing Developers Association, Kathmandu.
3. President (1994-2004) and Life Member, Nepal Remote Sensing and Photogrammetric Society, Kathmandu.
4. Member, International Boundaries Research Unit (IBRU), Durham, United Kingdom.

5. Member, Association for Borderlands Studies, Tempe-Arizona, USA.
6. Member (2003-08), The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors London, U.K.
7. Member, Institution of Surveyors (1995-99), Australia Inc, Melbourne.
8. Member, South Asian Association Studies of Australia, Sydney.
9. Fellow, Royal Geographical Society (1997-99), London, U.K.
10. Honorary Senior Consultant, Magna Technologies (USA) Inc. Wellington Delaware, USA.

  Social

1. Vice-President and Life Member, Nepal Council of World Affairs, Pulchowk, Lalitpur.
2. Vice-President (2020-22) and Member, Transparency International Nepal, Baneswar, Kathmandu.
3. Life Member, Nepal-German Academic Association, Baneswar, Kathmandu.
4. Life Member, Council of Former Public Servants, Sankhamul-Lalitpur, Nepal.
5. Life Member, Tanka Prasad Acharya Memorial Foundation, Baneswar-Kathmandu, Nepal.
6. Executive Member (2008-10), China Study Center, Kathmandu.
7. Executive Member and Life Member, JICA Alumni Association of Nepal, Kathmandu.
8. Life Member, Management Association of Nepal, Anamnagar, Kathmandu.
9. Executive Member, Nepal-Canada Friendship and Cultural Association, Kamaladi, Kathmandu, Nepal.
10. Board Member, Health Care Nepal, New Hampshire, USA.
11. The rest have been mentioned in my book ‘Junge-Buddhe’ Second Edition-2020, page 396.

17. Award, appreciation, honour and prize :

I have obtained 68 prizes, awards, certificate of appreciations, letter of felicitations, honours, token of commendations and admirations. Of which 10 items have been mentioned below:-

1. 1. Madan Puraskar (Prize) : awarded silver platted plaque (certificate) with Rs. 1
   Lakh cash prize by Madan Puraskar Guthi (Trust), Lalitpur, 18 October 2001 in
   recognition of writing the book ‘Boundary of Nepal.’
2. Eduard Dolezal Award : 18th ISPRS Congress, Vienna-Austria, 11 July 1996 in
   recognition of developing Surveying, Remote Sensing, Photogrammetry and
   Geographical Information System in Nepal.
3. Certificate of Appreciation : by International Federation of Surveyors (FIG),
   Copenhagen, Denmark, 30 November 2015, for the services to Surveying and the
   Federation.
4. Letter of Commendation: by International Artists Forum, Washington DC, USA, on 18 January 2020, in recognition of the activities that created awareness on the protection of Nepal’s national boundary, maps and geo-information system of Nepal.
5. Token of Appreciation: by Newah Organization of New England, Boston, USA on 19 October 2019, in recognition of the excellent service and research on the boundaries of Nepal.
6. Letter of Appreciation : by Nepalese Association of Houston (NAH), 14
   September 2003 for the enlightening presentation on “Indo-Nepal Border Disputes”
   at the Baker Institute of Policy, Rice University in Houston- Texas, USA.
7. Itihas Shiromani (History Literate) Baburam Aacharya Research Honour : awarded plaque along with a purse of Rs. 51 thousand by Lunkarandas-Ganga Devi Chaudhary Academy for Arts & Literature, Kathmandu, on 3 August 2008 in establishing the existence and identity of Nepal within the nation and abroad through the study, research, presentations and publications on the national boundary of Nepal and management of border.
8. Letter of Appreciation: by Nepal Government, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation on 13 July 2020 in recognition of the valuable contribution made actively in a continuing process, in the areas of Nepal’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.
9. Letter of Felicitation : by Shree Harsha Kuldevata (Family Deity) Society, Jyatha, Kathmandu on 29 April 2023, recognizing the contribution made in exploring ownership documents, maps and records to find out the Trust lands, that helped to construct its own building to smoothen the activities of the deity society.
10. Letter of Commendation : by Human Rights Conservation Forum on 20 August 2021 in recognition of activeness shown to protect the boundary of Nepal and to preserve the nationalism, sovereignty and geographical integrity.
11. In addition to above mentioned items, the rest 58 have been documented in my book ‘Junge-Buddhe’ Second Edition-2020, page 397-404 and others.

18. Medal/decoration :

   Following medals, decorations have been obtained:

1. Sukirtimaya Rastradip-III Medal (2021) through Rt. Hon’ble President of Nepal,
2. Suprawala JanasewaShree-III Medal (2013) through Rt. Hon’ble President of Nepal
3. Birendra Aishworya Service Medal, 2002 by the Royal Palace Committee.
4. Throne Accession Silver Jubilee Medal, 1997 by the Celebration Committee.
5. Gorkha Dakshinbahu, Class Three Medal, 1992 through His Majesty the King of Nepal.
6. Deergha Sewa Padak (Long Service Medal), 1991 by Government of Nepal.
7. Jaanapad Sewa Padak ( Fifteen Years Service Medal), 1981 by Government of Nepal.
8. Gorkha Dakshinbahu, Class-IV Four Medal, 1978 through His Majesty the King of Nepal.
9. Coronation Medal, 1975 by the Royal Palace.

19. Travel & visit abroad:

I have travelled and visited 39 countries out of 6 Continents of the world in connection with the study, attendance and presentation of papers in international conferences/seminars, government delegation, personal social purposes and border visit as followings :

1. Australia: 4-13 March 1994 and 8 to 17 April 2010.
2. Austria: 7-20 July 1996.
3. Bahrain: 22-23 December 2000.
4. Bangladesh: 5-12 December 1996, 18 to 23 July 2008 and 27-30 October 2017.
5. Belgium: 25-27 July 2000 and 7-8 November 2014.
6. Brazil: 14-17 November 2019
7. Benin: 18-21 October 2018.
8. Canada: 18 August 1982 to 3 September 1983 and 16-22 May 2011.
9. China: 28 November- 10 December 1988, 7-13 October 2001, 14-19 September 2006 and 1 to 5 November 2008.
10. Czech Republic: 21-25 July 1996.
11. Doha: 23-24 September 2016
12. Dubai: 4-6 July 1992.
13. Egypt: 15 February 2023.
14. Finland: 22-30 June 1992.
15. France: 7-10 September 1983, 20-24 November 1985, 6-9 June 2005 and 2-7 November 2014.
16. Germany: 18 October- 14 November 1985, 5 September- 17 November 1986, 28-31 July 2000, 5-6 June 2005 and 3-10 September 3-2005.
17. Greece: 29 May- 5 June 2005.
18. Hong Kong: 4-5 August 1979, 10-12 December 1988 and 11-13 August 1990.
19. India: 21-31 November 1983, 15-21 January 1989, 15-19 March 1992, 14-17 January 1993, 27-30 April 1997, 25-27 April 2013, 1-5 March 2016 and 10-16 April 2017.
20. Israel: 11-14 February 2023 and 16-22 February 2023.
21. Italy: 9-11 June 2005.
22. Japan: 13 June-3 August 1979, 3-20 July 1990, 15-24 November 1995, 30 September-7 October 2001 and 25 September- 2 October 2005 and 12-14 November 2012.
23. Jordan: 15 February 2023.
24. Luxemburg: 27-29 July 2000.
25. Malaysia: 9-16 July 1995, 14-22 June 2014 and 28 May to 1 June 2015.
26. Netherlands: 1-4 July 1992 and 16-25 July 2000.
27. Nigeria: 14-17 October 2018
28. Pakistan: 11-14 January 1993 and 25 November-2 December 2018.
29. Poland: 9-16 September 2022.
30. Russia: 21-26 April 2006.
31. Singapore: 13-16 March 1994 and 17-20 July 1995.
32. South Korea: 15-21 November 2012.
33. Spain: 30 May- 3 June 2007.
34. Sri Lanka: 19-25 April 2013.
35. Switzerland: 15-19 November 1985.
36. Thailand: 6-8 August 1979, 19-28 February 1991, 23-25 September 2005 and 21 May- 3 June 2006.
37. Turkey: 5-14 May 2018
38. United Kingdom: 3-7 September 1983, 19 July- 21 August 1998, 3-20 April 2006, 5-21 April 2008 and 12-17 September 2009.
39. USA: 15-23 May 1983, 25 June to 21 July 1988, 24 July to 11 August 1990, 17 February – 6 March 1995, 10 May-25 June 1999, 24 September- 1 December 2000, 4 August-1 November 2003, 4 June-3 July 2007, 18 September to 30 November 2009, 22 May-16 June 2011, 23 September- 13 December 2016, 11 September-13 November 2019 and 18 November 2019- 19 January 2020.
40. Extensively traveled 69 districts of Nepal, (out of total 77 districts).